The Intelligent Design of the Universe

The Fine-Tuning of the Universe We live in an orderly universe which operates according to certain fundamental laws of physics. The current state of the universe results from a combination of the constants of these physical laws and the initial conditions of the universe, which include: the strong nuclear force, the electro-magnetic force constant, the … Read more

Philosophy and the Cosmological Argument for God’s Existence

In my last post, I discussed how the findings of modern science support the idea that the universe began to exist, and how this provides support for the Kalam Cosmological Argument for God’s existence: Now, science cannot prove absolutely that the universe began to exist. But even if we set aside scientific evidence that the … Read more

Science and the Cosmological Argument for God’s Existence

One common argument for the existence of God, developed by Medieval Muslim philosophers, is known as the Kalam Cosmological Argument. In its basic form, it runs as follows: The only way to avoid this argument’s conclusion is to claim that the universe is eternal, and so never began to exist. Indeed, many atheists have claimed … Read more

The Existence of God: The Arguments from Consciousness and Reason

Proving God’s Existence In this final series in my year of apologetics posts on this blog, I will make some philosophical arguments for God’s existence. I have deliberately saved this topic for last, in order to avoid giving the impression that one must first become convinced by philosophical arguments that the god of the philosophers … Read more